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Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes
“Pacific silver fir”
This is a large evergreen conifer tree commonly known as the “Pacific silver fir.” It is native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. It can be found in the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range from the extreme southeast of Alaska, through British Columbia, Washington and Oregon states to the extreme northwest of California. It is always found in temperate rainforests with relatively high precipitation and cool, humid summers. Growing in dense stands, it prospers in shade and snow. It is also commonly referred as: White fir,” “Red fir,” “Lovely fir,” Amabilis fir,” “Cascades fir,” or simply “Silver fir.” This tree can reach between 30 – 45 m in height with a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 m. The bark on younger trees is light grey, thin and covered with resin blisters. On older trees, it darkens and develops scales and furrows. It can live up to over 400 years old.
Cupressus glabra (Sudw.) Little
“Arizona smooth bark cypress”
This tree species is native to the southwest of North America. Its range stretches over the canyons and slopes in a somewhat wide area around Sedona, Arizona. It is also known as “Smooth Arizona cypress.” It was first described in 1910 by George Bishop Sudworth. It is distinguished from the Cupressus arizonica species by its smooth, non- furrowed bark which can appear in shades of pink, cherry, and grey.
Cupressus macrocarpa (Hartw) Bartel
“Monterey cypress”
This is a coniferous tree belonging to the Cupressaceae family. It is one of the several cypress tree species that are endemic to the Central Coast of California. There are two protected native cypress forests, the Point Lobos State Reserve and the Del Monte Forest; where the natural habitat offers cool, moist summers, almost constantly bathed by sea fog. Commonly known as “Monterey cypress” this tree has been widely planted outside its native range, particularly along the coasts of California and Oregon. It is a medium sized tree which often becomes irregular and flat-topped because of the strong winds that are typical of its native area. In optimal conditions it reaches heights of up to 40 m with a trunk diameter of 2.5 m. Its foliage grows in dense bright green sprays, and it releases a deep lemony aroma when crushed.
Acer glabrum Torr. “Maple”
Acer glabrum is a tree species belonging to the Sapindaceae family. It is a small deciduous tree that reaches up to 10 m in height with a trunk up to 13 cm in diameter. It is a maple species native to western North America, from southeastern Alaska, British Columbia and western Alberta, east to western, Nebraska, and south through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and Colorado to California, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. There are four to six varieties of this tree that, depending on their habitat, are commonly known as “Rocky Mountain maple,” “Douglas maple,” “Greene’s maple,” “New Mexico maple,” and “Torrey maple.” It is most widely found in the Rocky Mountains. It usually grows along with Pinus ponderosa pines, different Pseudotsuga Douglas fir species and Populus tremuloides Poplar species.
Cupressus arizonica Grenne “Arizona cypress”
This is a native North American coniferous evergreen tree belonging to the cypress family Cupressaceae. It inhabits the southwestern United States in Arizona, Utah, southwestern New Mexico, and southern California , with a few populations in southern Nevada as well as in the northern states of Mexico. Its populations are scattered rather than in large, dense stands. It has a conic to ovoid-conic crown. It reaches heights of 10 – 25 m with a trunk diameter of up to 55 cm. Its foliage grows in dense sprays, varying from gray green to bright blue green. Its leaves are scale like, 2 – 5 cm long gathered on rounded shoots. This tree has been introduced in other continents where it has settled, especially in Europe.
Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. “California ash”
This is a species of ash native to southwestern North America in the United States, in northwestern Arizona, California, southern Nevada and Utah, and in Mexico in northern Baja California. Commonly known as “California ash,” or “Two-petal ash. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 7 m tall, with cylindric four-angled stems. The leaves are 5 – 19 cm long, light to dark green, with three to seven leaflets 1 – 7 cm long, thick, and serrated along the margins. Its flowers have two white lobe-shaped petals 2.5–4 mm long, and are sweetly scented, hanging in fluffy clusters; unlike many ashes, they are bisexual, not dioecious. Its fruit is a long, flat samara 2 – 3.2 cm long and 5 – 9 mm broad, green when immature and hanging in bunches. This tree grows at altitudes of between 100 – 1,300 m.
Fraxinus velutina Torr. “Velvet ash”
This is a Fraxinus species of tree belonging to the Oleaceae family. It is native to southwestern North America in the United States, from southern California east to Texas, and in Mexico from northern Baja California ,east to Coahuila and Nuevo León. It is commonly known as “Velvet ash,” “Arizona ash,” or “Modesto ash.” It is a small deciduous tree growing to 10 m tall, with a trunk of up to 30 cm in diameter. Its bark is rough gray-brown and fissured, and the shoots are velvety-downy. Its leaves are 10 – 25 cm long, pinnately compound with five or seven leaflets 4 cm or more long, with an entire finely serrated margin. It produces flowers in small clusters in early spring. It is a dioecious species with male and female flowers on separate trees. Its fruit is a samara 1.5 – 3 cm long, with an apical wing 4 – 8 mm broad.
Pinus cembroides Zucc. “Pinyon pine”
This tree is native to western North America. It is a pine belonging to the Pinaceae family in the pinyon pine group. Its common names are “Pinyon pine,” “Mexican pinyon,” Mexican nut pine, and “Mexican stone pine.” Its range extends southwards from Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico in the United States into Mexico where it is widely spread. It typically grows in areas with low levels of rainfall grows at altitudes between 1,600 and 2,400 m. It is a small to medium size pine reaching between 8 – 20 m in height with a trunk diameter of up to 50 cm. Its bark is dark brown, thick and deeply fissured at the base of the trunk. Its leaves (needles) are in mixed pairs and threes, slender, 3 – 6 cm long, and dull yellowish green, with stomata on both inner and outer surfaces. This pine is the most widely distributed of all.
Liquidambar styraciflua L. “American sweetgum”
This is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar. It is native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America and tropical montane regions of Mexico and Central America. It is commonly known as “American sweetgum,” “American storax,” “Hazel pie,” “Satin walnut,” “Star-leaved gum,” “Alligator wood,” or simply “Sweetgum.” It is a medium-sized to large tree, growing anywhere from 15 – 20 m in cultivation and up to 45 m in the wild. Its trunk reaches up 60 – 90 cm in diameter, on average. It may live to 400 years. It has a symmetrical shape and crowns into an egg shape when the branches get too heavy. It is recognizable by the combination of its five-pointed star-shaped leaves and its hard, spiked fruits. It is one of the main valuable forest trees in the southeastern United States and is a popular ornamental tree in temperate climates.
Pinus arizonica Engelm. “Arizona pine”
This is a medium sized pine native to northern Mexico, southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico, and western Texas in the United States. Its common name is “Arizona pine.” It is a tree that grows to between 25 – 35 m tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 m. It can be found at altitudes from 1300 to 3000 m. Its needles are in bundles of 3, 4, or 5, with 5-needle fascicles being the most prevalent. This variability may be a sign of hybridization with the closely related “Ponderosa pine” (Pinus ponderosa). Its cones are single, paired, or in whorls of three, and 5–11 cm long. This tree is a source of construction timber and is heavily harvested for firewood. Extensive cutting has reduced the formerly widespread Arizona pine forests, particularly in Mexico.
Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
“Chihuahua pine”
This pine tree is native to and widely spread in Mexico, with a small extension into the United States in southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico. It is a very resistant pine species that grows in adverse conditions. It requires about 600 to 1000 mm rainfall a year, mostly in summer, and it tolerates frosts in winter. Its common names are “Chihuahua pine,” “Smooth-leaf pine,” “Yellow pine,” and “Tlacocote” or “Ocote chino” in Mexico. This member of the Pinaceae family grows to a height of 20 – 30 m with a trunk diameter of 35 – 80 cm. Its needles are in bundles of three to five, 5 – 10 cm long, or rarely to 15 cm, and are a bright glossy green to yellowish green. Its cones are ovoid, 4 – 7 cm long, or rarely to 8 cm and borne on a 1 – 2 cm long stalk. They are unusual in taking about 30 – 32 months to mature, a year longer than most other pines. Its bark is gray-brownish, and fissured.
Pinus radiata D. Don “Monterey pine”
This is a pine species belonging to the Pinaceae family, native to the Central Coast of California and Mexico (on Guadalupe Island and Cedros Island) . Its common names are “ Monterey pine,” “Insignis pine,” or “Radiata pine.” It is an evergreen coniferous tree growing to 15 – 30 m tall in the wild, but up to 60 m in cultivation in optimum conditions. Its growth rate is fast at the beginning, its trunk can reach up to 50 cm in 20 years, but then its growth slows down. It has upward pointing branches and a rounded top. Its leaves (“needles”) are bright green, in clusters of three, slender, 8 – 15 cm long and with a blunt tip. Its cones are ovoid (egg-shaped), 7 – 17 cm long, brown, and usually set asymmetrically on a branch, attached at an oblique angle. Its bark is fissured and dark grey to brown. When not cut short by disease or harvesting, this pine has a lifespan of 80 to 90 years. It is a versatile, fast-growing, medium-density softwood, tree suitable for a wide range of uses and valued for rapid growth, as well as desirable lumber and pulp qualities.
Quercus ajoensis C.H. Mull
“Ajo Mountain shrub oak”
This is an uncommon native North American shrub. It is a species belonging to the Quercus genus and the Fagaceae family. It has been found in the Arizona mountain ranges of the Colorado desert, and Arizona uplands of the Sonoran Desert. Its common name is “Ajo Mountain shrub oak.” The species is named for the Ajo Mountains in western Pima County, Arizona, southwest of the town of Ajo The word “ajo”; is Spanish for “garlic”. As its name states, it is usually a shrub, but occasionally it attains the stature of a tree small tree of up to 3 m tall. Its leaves are narrowly egg-shaped, up to 5 cm long, with sharp pointed teeth.
Quercus arizonica Sarg. “Arizona white oak”
This tree belongs to the Fagaceae family. It is a species native to North America where it is found mostly in Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, and down into Mexico in the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa, and Durango. Its common name is “Arizona white oak.” It is one of the largest and long living southwestern oaks. This tree may grow to 18 m, with a trunk diameter of 1 m. It has stout branches and a spreading crown. The leaves are about 8 cm long, thick, and evergreen. It grows very slowly once it has become mature, adding approximately 0.25 cm of diameter per year. It can be found in a vast array of habitats such as savannas, grasslands, and chaparrals. It is usually found in mountain-like areas that are above about 1,675 m in elevation. Its water use is low, and it requires sun or part shade. Soil moisture must be dry, rocky or sandy . The “Arizona white oak” is both heat and cold tolerant. Its wood is usually used for fuel, since it is hard, heavy, and strong, it is rarely used for commercial reasons such as furniture production. It can also be used as an ornamental plant. This tree provides cover for such animals like deer, turkeys, javelinas desert sheep, songbirds, and quail.
Platanus wrightii S. Watson “Arizona sycamore”
This is a sycamore tree species belonging to the Platanus genus. It is native to Arizona and New Mexico in the United States. Its common name is “Arizona sycamore.” This is a tree of central Arizona’s transition zone in the Mogollon Rim-White Mountains. Its range extends into southwest New Mexico and parts of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa in Mexico. In Arizona the range extends south towards northern Sonora. The range in southeast Arizona is a northeasterly part of the Sonoran Desert and is at the northern region of the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera. The “Arizona sycamore” is a large deciduous tree, growing up to 25 m tall.
Quercus boyntonii Beadle “Boynton oak”
This is a rare native North American species of oak belonging to the beech family. It is commonly called “Boynton oak,” or “Boynton sand post oak.” At present, it is found only in Alabama although historical records say that it formerly grew in Texas as well. It is a rare and poorly known species. It is a shrub or small tree that sometimes reaches a height of 6 m but is usually smaller. Its bark is brown and flaky. Its leaves are dark green, hairless and shiny on the upper surface, covered with many gray hairs on the underside. Its flowers appear in spring and its fruits are 1 -1.7 cm ovoid acorns. This tree prefers sandy and well drained soils.
Quercus canbyi Trel. “Canby oak”
This is a North American species of oak tree belonging to the Fagaceae family. It has been found only in Texas and in northeast Mexico in the states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. It is commonly called “Canby oak,” or “Sierra oak.” It is a semi-evergreen – evergreen tree that reaches between 12 – 15 m in height in cultivation. Although it can reach up to 24 m in the wild, mostly in Mexico. It starts as a pyramidal form and then matures into an open irregular shape. It can reach a spread of 9.1 – 12.2 m wide. Its dark, glossy green leaves are 15 – 20 cm long and have serrated edges. Its petioles can have a reddish hue. It blooms in March and its acorns are then seen in August. This tree will tolerate most kinds of soils and is used in gardens to provide shade.
Quercus depressipes Trell. “Depressed oak”
This is an oak tree species in the Fagaceae family. It is native to North America, primarily the United States and in Mexico. It is classified in the Quercus section along with the white oaks of Europe, Asia and North America. It is found on mountainous grassy slopes, at elevations of 2,100 – 2,600 m above sea level. Its primary habitat is in the Mexican high deserts, in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo León, and Zacatecas. In the United States, it has been found only in the Davis mountains in western Texas, particularly on Mount Livermore. Therefore, its common American name is “Davis Mountain oak” or simply “Depressed oak.” It is a small semi-evergreen shrubby tree that doesn’t reach more than 1 or 2 m in height. It produces flowers in spring. Its brown elliptic acorns mature within six months are edible and have a sweet to slightly bitter taste.
Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill “Hill’s oak”
This is a North American species of oak tree native to the north-central United States and south-central Canada, primarily in the Great Lakes region and in the Upper Mississippi Valley. This oak belongs to the Lobatae section in the Quercus genus. Its common names are “Northern pin oak” or “Hill's oak.” It is mostly found on dry, sandy soils. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20 meters tall with an open, rounded crown. Its leaves are glossy green, 7 – 13 cm long and 5 – 10 wide, lobed, with five or seven lobes, and deep sinuses between the lobes. Each lobe has 3 – 7 bristle-tipped teeth. The leaf is nearly hairless, except for small tufts of pale orange brown down where the lobe veins join the central vein. Its acorns tend to be ellipse -shaped, (from which its scientific name derives), though they tend to be highly variable and range to globose, 6 – 11 long and 10 – 19 mm broad, a third to a half covered in a deep cup, green maturing pale brown about 18 months after pollination. The kernel is very bitter. “Hill’s oak” is planted as an ornamental tree. It is popular for its bright red fall color and tolerance of infertile sandy soils. Its wood is used for fence posts, fuel and general construction.
Quercus emoryi Torr. “Emory oak”
This is a species of oak tree common in Arizona, New Mexico and Western Texas in the United States and in northern Mexico in Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, and San Luis Potosí. It typically grows in dry hills at moderate altitudes. Its common name is “Emory oak.” It is a wintergreen tree in the red oak group, retaining its leaves throughout the winter until new leaves are produced in spring. It is a large shrub or small tree between 5 – 17 m tall. Its leaves are 3 – 6 cm long, simple or wavy-toothed, leathery, dark green above, paler below. Its acorns are 1.5 – 2 cm long, blackish-brown, and mature in 6 – 8 months from pollination. Its acorn is sweet and is an important food for livestock, deer, squirrels, the Gila chipmunk, and birds such as quail and wild turkeys. Deer and livestock also browse its foliage. Native American groups have eaten Emory acorns traditionally, ceremonially, and in contemporary cuisine. The acorns are usually ground into meal.
Quercus fusiformis Small “Plateau oak”
This is an evergreen tree in the southern live oaks section of the Fagaceae family and the Quercus genus. Its native range includes the Quartz Mountains and Wichita Mountains in Southwestern Oklahoma through Texas, to Mexico into the states of Coahuila, Tamaulipas and Nuevo León. It is commonly known as “Escarpment live oak, “ “Plateau live oak,” “Plateau oak,” or “Texas live oak.” It is distinguished from other oaks by its acorns which are larger and with a more pointed apex. It is also a smaller tree, not exceeding 1 m in trunk diameter with more erect branching and a less wide crown. “Plateau oak“ is typically found on dry sites. It is generally accepted to be the hardiest evergreen oak, able to withstand very cold winters with minimal leaf burn. For this reason, this tree has become popular within the landscape industry for its beauty, ability to endure urban conditions, and general hardiness. Its magnificent, stately form and unparalleled longevity has endeared it to generations of residents throughout its native range.
Quercus gravesii Sudworth “Grave’s oak”
This tree is an uncommon North American species of oak classified in the “Red oak” Quercus genus and the Lobatae section along with other Central and South American red oak species. It is found in Mexico and the United States. It can be found in three areas of southwest Texas, including Big Bend National Park, and in the mountain ranges of the neighboring state of Coahuila in Mexico. Its common names are “Chisos red oak” or “Grave´s oak.” It is a deciduous tree up to 13 m tall. Its leaves are hairless, each with 3 – 5 pointed and awned lobes. Its trunk bark is black, thick and striated, but smooth on its branches which are slim, gray or red brown.
Quercus gambelii Nutt. “Gambel oak”
This is a deciduous small tree or large shrub that is native and widespread in the foothills and lower mountains of western North America. Its range goes from the western United States in the state of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah into northwestern Mexico, in the states of Chihuahua, Sonora, and Coahuila. Its common names are “Gambel oak,” “Scrub oak,” “Oak brush,” and “White oak.” This tree differs in size from one location to another. Its average mature height is from 3 – 9 m, but occasionally reaches heights of 18 m in some locations. Dwarf stands of plants under 1 m tall are common in marginal areas where heavy browsing occurs. The largest trees are found along streams in the southern part of its range and can reach up to 30 m tall. The champion tree is in Arizona at 35 m tall. Although its wood is hard and dense, its branches are irregular and crooked, making them flexible enough to bend without breaking when covered with heavy snow. Its bark is rough and brownish gray. Its leaves frequently turn orange and yellow during autumn, creating mountainsides of vivid colors.
Quercus grisea Liebman “Gray Oak”
This is a North American tree species belonging to the Fagaceae family. It is a deciduous or evergreen medium-sized tree in the white oak group. It is native to the mountains of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Its common names are commonly known as the “Gray oak,” “Shin oak” or “Scrub oak.” It may grow as a multi-stemmed shrub in drier situations but where the rainfall is sufficient, it grows into a medium size tree of up to about 20 m with an irregular crown of twisted branches. Its trunk is up to 60 cm in diameter with light gray bark which is fissured and cracked into small plates. Its twigs are stout and a light reddish-brown, covered with grayish down. Its leaves are alternate, leathery, long ovate, entire or with a few coarse teeth. They are grayish green above and felted beneath and may fall in times of winter drought. The male catkins are yellowish-green, and the female flowers are in small spikes growing in the leaf axils and appear in spring at the same time as the new leaves. Its acorns grow singly or in pairs and are light brown.
Quercus havardii Rydberg “Havard oak”
This is a North American native oak tree species belonging to the Fagaceae family. It is classified in the Quercus section with the white oaks of Europe, Asia, and North America. This tree is native to western Oklahoma, west Texas, eastern New Mexico, and can be found in two isolated populations in southwest Kansas. A variety also occurs in northeastern Arizona and southeastern Utah. Sandy plains, sand dunes, and sand hills of the southern Great Plains are its typical habitat. Its common names include “Shinnery oak,” “Shin oak” and “Havard oak.” It is a deciduous, low-growing, thicket-forming shrub that occupies some two million to three million in the southern Great Plains of North America. Clones may reach hundreds to thousands of years old, although aboveground stems typically live only 11 to 15 years. “Havard oak” stems are usually 1 to 2 m tall and co-dominate the plant community with mid- and tall grasses, which are usually taller than the oaks.
Quercus hinckleyi C.H. Mull “Hinckley oak”
This is a rare oak species belonging in the Fagaceae family and the Quercus group and section along with the white oaks of Europe, Asia, and North America. It has a restricted range in the Chihuahuan Desert of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico in the states of Chihuahua and Coahuila. In the United States, it occurs in only two counties in southwestern Texas and is federally listed as a threatened species. Its common name is “Hinckley oak.” It is a shrub that forms a dense, tangled thicket no more than 1.5 m tall. The highly branched stems are coated in scaly gray bark and the smaller twigs are brown and sometimes waxy. Its leaves are up to 1.5 cm long by 1.5 cm wide and have large, widely spaced teeth, resembling holly leaves. They are leathery, waxy, and blue green. Its fruit is an acorn 1 to 1.5 cm wide at the cap, the nut measuring up to 2 cm long.
Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus “Silverleaf oak”
This is an oak tree or shrub belonging to the Fagaceae family and the Lobatae section along with the red oaks of North America, Central America and north South America. It is native to North America, growing in the southwestern United States and in northern Mexico. It is commonly found in moist canyons and on ridges. It also is found in coniferous forests and high elevated lands from 1,500 – 2,400 m above sea level. Its common names are “Silverleaf oak,” or “Whiteleaf oak.” Though usually found as a shrub, given enough moisture it can become a medium-sized tree that reaches up to 18 m tall with a spreading round crown. It can be distinguished from other oaks by its lanceolate leaves which are dark green on top but silver white on the lower surface. This species has acorns which are eaten by both squirrels and birds. This tree has been used for ornamental purposes.
Quercus laceyi Small “Lacey oak”
This is a North American native oak tree species belonging to the Fagaceae family. It is classified in the Quercus section with the white oaks of Europe, Asia, and North America. It is a small to medium-size deciduous oak tree which is native to the Texas Hill Country in central Texas in the United States and to northeastern Mexico in the states of Coahuila and Nuevo León. Its common name is “Lacey oak.” This tree seldom grows more than 11 m tall. It has a stocky trunk. Its blue green leaves are oblong and shallowly lobed to unlobed, but shade leaves can be deeply lobed; they most often turn yellow or brown in autumn. Its bark is dark gray and scaly. Its branches are between 4 – 7 mm thick yellowish gray and with light brown lenticels.
Quercus oblongifolia Torr. “Mexican blue oak”
This is an evergreen small tree or large shrub species classified in the white oak group and the Fagaceae family. It grows in high grasslands, canyons and mesas in southwestern United States in the states of Texas, Arizona and New Mexico and in northwestern Mexico in the states of Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa and Sonora. Its common names are: “Mexican blue oak,” “Arizona blue oak,” Blue live oak,” or “Sonoran blue oak.” It is a small tree growing to 5 – 8 m tall with a rounded crown. At higher elevations it is typically a large shrub. Its trunk is up to 50 cm in diameter and its bark is light gray and densely furrowed. Its twigs are yellowish brown and hairless with reddish brown buds. Its leaves are small, alternate and oblong, with entire margins, leathery, bluish green above and mid green below. Its flowers appear in spring at the same time as the old leaves are being shed and new leaf growth starts. This tree grows at elevations of 1,200 to 1,800 m. It is often found on thin sandy soils in semi-arid regions and is the dominant species in lower open oak woodland.
Quercus rugosa Née “Netleaf oak”
This is a tree species native to southern North America. It belongs to the Quercus genus and the beech and oak Fagaceae family and is classified in the Quercus section along with the white oaks of Europe and Asia. It is commonly known as “Netleaf oak.” It is widespread in Mexico, Guatemala, and the southwestern United States in Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas. It grows extensively in the temperate highlands of central Mexico, particularly on hillsides and in narrow gorges at an elevation of between 1,800 and 2,900 m. It is associated and usually coexists with other oaks, alders, pines, and Texas madrones. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree between 3 – 8 m tall although on some occasions it can reach up to 30 m tall. Its bark is brown and scaly. Its leaves are thick and leathery, rarely flat, usually cupped, up to 15 cm long, dark green on the top but covered with a thick of reddish-brown hairs on the underside. It is primarily used as firewood and coal.
Quercus polymorpha Schlecht. & Cham.
“Mexican white oak”
This is a North American species of oak belonging to the Fagaceae family. It is classified in the Quercus section along with the white oaks of Europe, and Asia. Its common names are ‘Mexican white oak,” “Monterrey oak,” or “Netleaf white oak.” It is widespread in Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, and known from a single natural population in the United States, about 30 km north of the Rio Grande in Val Verde County, Texas. This tree grows in a variety of habitats, including deep canyons in the Sierra Madre Oriental, riparian gallery forests, the margins of thorn scrub forest, tropical dry forests, the lower margins of montane oak–pine forests, and cloud forests It is found at elevations from 400 to 2,100 . It is a sub evergreen tree up to 20 m tall. Its bark can be is gray or brown. Its leaves are elliptical or egg-shaped, up to 15 cm long, unlobed or with a few shallow rounded lobes. It is widely planted as an ornamental tree.
Salix bonplandiana (H.B.K.)-Kunth
“Bonpland willow”
This is a perennial species of willow tree native to North America. Its range extends from the south of the United States in Arizona to Mexico through the southern, southwest and the west where it is a tree of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It is found in the states of Baja California Sur, northern Sonora, San Luis Potosí and then its range goes further down into Guatemala. It belongs to the Salicaceae family to which other willow belong such as the “Weeping willow.” It is a fast-growing tree that lives between 20 to 30 years. Its height ranges between 1 – 13 m. Its branches are smooth from yellow to red brown. Its leaves stay attached to the branches until the new ones appear in spring.
Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sarg.
“Arizona rosewood”
This is an evergreen species of shrub or tree native to the Southwestern United States in Arizona and southwestern New Mexico in Madrean Sky Islands habitats, the Peninsular Ranges in Baja California and northern Baja California Sur to Sonora in Northwestern Mexico. It is commonly known as “Arizona rosewood.” It belongs to the rose family, Rosaceae. Its dark brown wood is streaked with red, and is hard and very heavy, a beautiful “rosewood”; It produces dense white blossoms in early Spring. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is used as a drought-tolerant shrub, hedge, or small tree. When trained as a single trunked tree, growth can be to 14.6 m in height.
Salix nigra Marshall “Black willow”
This species of willow is native to eastern North America from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota and south to northern Florida and Texas. It is also found in parts of Mexico, both south and west of the Rio Grande. Its common name is “Black willow.” It grows best in areas of full sun and wet or moist soils. Thus, it is typically found along streams and in swamps. It is a medium sized deciduous tree, the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10 – 30 m tall, exceptionally up to 45 m with a trunk 50 – 80 cm in diameter. Its bark is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees, and frequently forking near the base. Its shoots are slender and variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish. Its leaves are alternate, long, thin, 5 – 15 cm long and 0.5 – 2 cm broad, dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin. They turn a lemon yellow in the fall. The “Black willow” is the only United States native willow species to be used as timber for a variety of different items. Its lumber is used in furniture and shipping containers. It may also be used in environmental restoration. It is very resistant to herbivory, flooding, and is an erosion control tool.
Salix bonplandiana (H.B.K.)-Kunth
“Bonpland willow”
This is a perennial species of willow tree native to North America. Its range extends from the south of the United States in Arizona to Mexico through the southern, southwest and the west where it is a tree of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It is found in the states of Baja California Sur, northern Sonora, San Luis Potosí and then its range goes further down into Guatemala. It belongs to the Salicaceae family to which other willow belong such as the “Weeping willow.” It is a fast-growing tree that lives between 20 to 30 years. Its height ranges between 1 – 13 m. Its branches are smooth from yellow to red brown. Its leaves stay attached to the branches until the new ones appear in spring.
Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sarg.
“Arizona rosewood”
This is an evergreen species of shrub or tree native to the Southwestern United States in Arizona and southwestern New Mexico in Madrean Sky Islands habitats, the Peninsular Ranges in Baja California and northern Baja California Sur to Sonora in Northwestern Mexico. It is commonly known as “Arizona rosewood.” It belongs to the rose family, Rosaceae. Its dark brown wood is streaked with red, and is hard and very heavy, a beautiful 'rosewood.' It produces dense white blossoms in early Spring. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is used as a drought-tolerant shrub, hedge, or small tree. When trained as a single trunked tree, growth can be to 14.6 m in height.
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