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Schinus areira
L. “Aguaribay”
This tree is of medium size, with persistent foliage, and good pendulum; thus it is widely appreciated for ornamental uses. It is native to South America. In Argentina it grows mostly in the central and northern regions. The “Aguaribay” was considered a sacred tree by the Incas who called it “Mulli.” Its foliage and fruits are both very aromatic.
The fruits have a hot flavor which makes them a substitute for pepper. The whole plant has medicinal uses. Its bark is used to help swelling feet and to heal wounds. Its sap has purgative and antirheumatic properties. Its pods are used to prepare “chicha,” “aloja,” and vinegar.
Prosopis alba
Griseb. “Algarrobo blanco”
The “Algarrobo blanco” or “Ibope” in Guaraní is a tree that inhabits the central and northern regions of Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay. It possesses hard and resistant wood suitable for outdoor uses. Besides this, it is very appreciated for its edible pods. They are used to make “Algarroba flour” which has a high nutritious value. They are also used to prepare “aloja,” an alcoholic beverage and “patay,” a popular jam. The whole plant has medicinal uses. It is used as forage for livestock. It is an important ecological species because of its nitrogen fixation qualities.
Prosopis nigra
(Griseb.) Hieron.
“Algarrobo negro”
This tree along with its relative, the “Algarrobo blanco” is the most representative native species of the north and central regions of Argentina. It grows from Salta and Jujuy, to the north of La Pampa and the south of Entre Ríos. It also grows in the west region of Catamarca, la Rioja, and San Juan. The “Algarrobo negro” is also found in Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Its heartwood is hard and heavy. Its fruits are used to prepare “patay,” “aloja,” “arrope,” and “añapa.” Because of its high tannin content its bark is widely used to tan leather.
Tessaria integrifolia
Ruiz et Pav
“Aliso del río”
This small tree may reach 8 m in height and 20 cm in diameter. The “Aliso del rio” tree is native to Argentina. It grows in the north, and on the east into the Buenos Aires province, always near water courses. It can also be found in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its wood is soft and very lightweight.
Geoffroea decorticans (Gill. ex Hook. et Arn.) Burkart
“Chañar”
This tree grows in the central and northern regions of Argentina, from Jujuy to the north of Río Negro. It can also be found in Bolivia and Paraguay. The “Chañar” is a tree of medium height that can reach 10 m. It has thorny branches and beautiful yellow blooms that attract bees. Its lightweight wood is used for carpentry and also as coal. Its fruits are used to make “arrope.” It is a good forager. In traditional medicine its bark is used as expectorant.
Acacia caven (Molina.) Molina “Espinillo”
This small tree is native to Argentina. It grows from Jujuy, Salta, Formosa, and Misiones to the north of Río Negro and the north of Buenos Aires. It can also be found in Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The “Espinillo” has prolific and abundant yellow blooms. Its branches are thin and thorny. It is melliferous and very appreciated for its medicinal uses. Its leaves are used for healing wounds.
Caesalpinia paraguariensis (D. Parodi) Burkart
“Guayacán”
This tree is native to central and northern Argentina. It can be found from Jujuy and the north of Corrientes; to the central and north regions of San Luis. It also grows in Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The “Guayacán” reaches between 8 and 15 m in height and 40-60 cm in diameter. Its wood is heavy, hard, and very suitable for outdoor use. It shares many characteristics with ebony wood and can replace it in the production of musical instruments.The guayacán fruits are rich in tannins. Its bark has many uses in traditional medicine.
Ziziphus mistol
Griseb. “Mistol”
This tree is native to the central and northern regions of Argentina. It grows from Jujuy to Córdoba and San Luis; and in the east from Corrientes to the north of Entre Ríos. The “Mistol” also grows in Paraguay. It reaches between 4 to 10 m in height. Its trunk is short, thorny, and tortuous. Its wood is hard and is often used as coal. Its fruits are used to make “arrope” a syrup; and “aloja” a beverage. Two very popular Argentinian sweets: “Patay” and “Bolanchao” are made with mistol fruits mixed with carob flour. In traditional medicine it is known for its expectorant and liver protectant properties.
Aspidosperma quebracho – blanco
Schtlr.
“Quebracho blanco”
This tree is characteristic of the Chaqueña region in Argentina; which goes from the northern border to the northeast of San Juan, north of San Luis, Córdoba and Santa Fe, crossing the Paraná river in the provinces of Corrientes and Entre Ríos. Its distribution reaches Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The “quebracho blanco” in its optimal zone reaches 20 to 25 m in height and up to 1 m in diameter. Its wood is hard and heavy. Its bark is rich in tannins and alkaloids. In popular medicine it has been used to fight malaria.
Salix humboldtiana
Willd.
“Sauce criollo”
This tree reaches between 10 and 15 m in height. It is largely distributed through South America. In Argentina it grows from Salta and Jujuy in the northern region, to the north of Chubut. Its wood is lightweight and soft. It is widely used as cellulose pulp and in the production of recyclable containers. The “Sauce criollo” bark possesses febrifuge, tonic, sedative, and antispasmodic properties. It is an important melliferous plant.
Jodina rhombifolia
(Hook. et Arn.) Reissek
“Sombra de toro”
This tree reaches between 2 and 5 m in height and between 20 to 35 cm in diameter. It has a short shank. It grows from Jujuy, Formosa and Corrientes to La Pampa and Río Negro in Argentina. It is also found in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The “Sombra de Toro” blooms are not visually striking; although they have a distinctive and delicate fragrance. In traditional medicine this tree is known for various properties: its fruits as anti venereal, its bark as antidysenteric, and its leaves as a digestive aid.
Celtis tala Gillies ex Planch. “Tala”
This tree reaches 10 m in height and up to 60 cm in diameter. It is native to Brazil, Uruguay and the north, northeastern, and central regions of Argentina. In Buenos Aires, the capital and its surroundings, it is known as “Tala.” It is often seen in urban green areas. Its wood is hard and heavy. Its sweet fruits are edible.They are used in traditional medicine for their expectorant and digestive properties. Its bark is used as disinfectant for wounds.
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